Bangalore AMITY University Courses

AMITY University, Bengaluru

About University

A University named AMITY University is a Indian University is now providing Courses in Bangalore,
Campus.  It is Established Vide Act No 16 of 2018 and Government of Karnataka.  The following are the Courses.

AMITY Fact File :

• 2,00,000 Students,
 

• 11 Universities,


• 28 Schools and Preschools,


• 25,000+ Scholarship Holders,


• 6,000 Faculty,


• 1,200 Acres of Campuses,


• 12 Overseas Campuses,


• 7,00,000 Alumni.

Courses

Admissions Open for Session 2023 for UGC Recognized Programmes.

Management

• BBA,


• BBA – CMA (Certified Management, Accounting USA),


• BBA (Twinning Program for International Degree)      

Computer Science

• BCA,


• MCA,


• M.Sc Cyber Security,


• M.Sc Data Science.

Psychology and Behavioral Science

• B.A (Hons) – Applied Psychology,


• B.Sc Clinical Psychology.

Engineering

• B.Tech – CSE,


• B.Tech – CSE (Twinning Program for International Degree),


• B.Tech- AI and ML,


• M.Tech – CSE.

Commerce

• B.Com (Hons).
  

Unwavering Research Focus

• Research Partnerships to be developed with ICMR, DST, CSIR, BRNS, NISE, MGIRI, AMT (USA) for undertaking Government Funded Research Projects,


• Centers of Excellence to be established for conducting hi-end Research in Diverse Domains,


• Amity Innovation Incubator to be set-up on Campus for helping incubate start-up companies by students and budding entrepreneurs.

For Admissions,

Apply At Website : www.amity.edu/bengaluru

Helpline : 7303-399-000.

e-Mail id : admissions.blr@amity.edu

Address

AMITY University Bengaluru,

National Highway – 648 (Old 207),

Devanahalli – doddaballapur Road,

Bengaluru,

Karnataka – 526 110.

Website : www.amity.edu/bengaluru.

Colosseum Roman Forum Tourism Places

Colosseum and the Roman Forum Tourist Place

Colosseum, was an amphi-theatre of very impressive proportions, between the Esquiline and Caelians Hills of Rome.  The ruins that can be seen today represent the architectural genius of Romans and as well are a reminder of the cruelty.  Human beings and animals were mercilessly killed for the pleasure of the emperor.

Domus Aurea

The colosseum was built on the size of a lake in Emperor Nero’s famous landscaped gardens of his Golden House, the ‘Domus Aurea’.  Though the building work was started during the reign of Vespasian, it was finished ten years later by Titus, the next king.  Its opening ceremony lasted 100 days, during which thousands of people and animals were killed.

Travertine Stone

The size and design is the architectural work of a genius.  It was oval in shape, 617 feet long and 512 feet wide and 1729 feet in circumference.

The exterior wall was 187 feet high and faced with white travertine stone.  Only a part of this wall remains today.  

Roman Gods

There were four storeys, each of the lower three had eighty arches separated by piers bearing decorative columns.  The arches on the second and third storey contained statues of Roman Gods. 

The top storey wall supported great masts with huge canvases attached to them.  These provided shade in the summer days. 

Colosseum

The central arena itself, an oval measuring 280 feet by 180 feet, was covered in sand to soak up blood.  Under it were changing rooms and animal pens.  When filled to capacity, the colosseum held over 50,000 people, 45,000 seated with 5000 standing.  In the middle of the long curve on the north side was a raised platform for the emperor’s box. 

Colosseum is a masterpiece of architecture but it will always bear the stigma of cruelty, degradation and shame of the Roman emperors.

Roman Forum

Near the Colosseum is the famous ‘Roman Forum’ – a meeting place of Romans and a centre for religion art, law commerce.  Surrounding the Forum is the Temple of Vesta, Temple of Saturn, Temple of Castor an Polux, and the temples built to rulers like Caesar, Antonius Pius.

Coimbatore Wild Life Tourist Places

Coimbatore Near By Tourist Place

Most People

The wildlife and the image most people conjure up is that of tigers, wild boars, deer and bison roaming free in the wild.  True as that might be, very often, the many kinds of birds that are as much a part of our forests, national parks and wildlife reserves, rarely get a mention.

Naturally Flourish

The region around coimbatore is geographically blessed such that flora and fauna naturally flourish
here.  That combined with the government’s efforts in a bid to replenish the region with native breeds as well as migratory ones has been fairly successful.  “A lot more still needs to be done to get the region back to its original glory.  But considering the urban development that has happened in the area in the past 10 Years.

Attract Migratory Birds

Coimbatore and its surrounding regions have managed to retain quite a few species of native breeds as well as attract migratory birds.  The Annamalai Wildlife Sanctuary which is about 60 kms from Coimbatore City, is one of the most frequented places for bird sightings”, says Dhanuparan, student and passionate bird watcher.

Plants And Trees

Nature lovers in the region seem to concur on the fact that the natural glory of the region is what it is, only because of the fauna in the region.  “Although interdependent, people seem to care much more and living, breathing animals as compared to plants and trees.  The fact that the entire ecology of a region is almost always negatively affected just by the disappearance of a single species, is lost on most people”, says Sidharth Rao, businessman and avid bird watcher and wildlife enthusiasts have contributed to this in a big way.

Wild Life Activities

According to Shagant r, Media Professional and wildlife enthusiast, the plethora and flora and fauna in the areas surrounding Coimbatore are the reason the region has seen a surge in wild life activities.  “Areas like the Vellangiri hills, Mudumalai, Cuddalore, Bukkapuram and Singanallur see a lot of visitors these days.  Earlier bird spotting used to be part of the regular safaris at national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, but the activity has grown.

Topslip Birds and Animals Tourist Places

Pollachi Topslip Animals

About Topslip Place

Topslip is an Tourism Place near Pollachi. Anaimalai Tiger Reserve is in Control of Topslip Mountain and its Animals.   Many Tourister are visiting Topslip Day to Day.  Animalai Tiger Reserve allow only 120 Visitors Vehicle Daily to Topslip.    Many Visiter from Indian States and From foreigner are Enjoying Topslip and its Surrounding Places like Masani Amman Temple, Parabikulam Dam, Valparai Hills and Many More Places.

Animals and Birds in topslip are as follows :

Anaimalai Tiger Reserve Topslip Places has animals of  30 elusive Tigers, lion tailed Macaques, Peacocks, Languers, Spotted Dear, Elephant etc.,

1.     Elephant,

2.     Grey bellied Cuckoo Female bird,

3.     Indian Giant Squirrel,

4.     Barn Owl Bird,

5.     Asian Fairy Blue Bird,

6.     Star Tortoise,

7.     Barred Button Quail Bird,

8.     Flying Squirrel,

9.     Indian Grey Horn Bill,

10. Deer,

11. Grizzled Giant Squirrel,

12. Slender Loris,

13. Asian Paradise Flycat Cher,

14. Nilgiri Langur,

15. Shaheen Falcon Bird,

16. Southern Hill Myna Bird,

17. Bonnet macaque Monkey,

18. Stork billed Kingfisher,

19. Lion Tailed Macaque,

20. Fishes.

Anaimalai Tiger Reserve Maintains

The following are Maintained by Topslip Anaimalai Tiger Reserve :

·       2500 Species of Angiosperms,

·       70 Species of Fishes,

·       70 Species of Amphibians,

·       More than 39 RED, Endangered and Threatened Species of Plants,

·       120 Species of  Reptiles,

·       300 Species of Birds,

• 80 Species of Mammals.

For Topslip Tourism
Visiter can Use This Web : www.atrpollachi.com

Successful Life Thoughts

Successful Life

1. The Way to Live Inside and Out for Success,


2. Identify and Eliminate What Drains You,


3. How To Be Irresistibly Attractive,


4. Listening to Your Inner Voice,


5. Your Body Wisdom Speaks: Are You Listening ?


6. Why it’s Important To Participate in Flow Activities,


7. Two Tips for Creating More than Vs, Managing Time,


8. Three Ways To Communicate Successfully,


9. Small Steps for Big Results, The Toddler Method to Success,


10. Less is More, An innovative Way to Organize Your Days


11. The Goal Filter, An Intuitive Approach To Goal-Setting,


12. The Underlying Source of Procrastination,


13. How To Blast Through Procrastination,


14. How To Bring Simple Luxuries into Your Every Day.


15. Twelve Ways to Take Mini Spring Breaks, All Year Long!


16. The Mindset of Positive Expectancy,


17. Trust Yourself, Your Inner Compass.


18. Filling The Form Step by Step,


19. How To Define Your True Success,


20. A Young Boy’s Story For Living your Dreams,


21. The Positive Effects of Counting Your Blessings,


22. Your Relationship With Money, Lack or Abundance,


23. How To Acknowledge Others Often,


24. Tell – Tale Clues To Being Out of Alignment of Work,


25. An Insider’s View To “What You Focus On Gets Bigger”


26. Re-Connecting with Your Creative Self,


27. Five Steps To Beating, The Comparison Blues,
    
    
    


28. Rest in Solutions, A Creative Approach To Problem-Solving,


29. The Joy of Moseying, Mayberry Style,


30. Take That Risk! Inspiring Words To Get You Over The Hump,


31. A Sure-Fire Way To Quickly Improve How You Communicate, 
32. Procrastination Can be Your Friend,


33. The Art of Appreciating Success,


34. Common Characteristics of The Perfectly Perfect,


35. A Personalized Strategy for Putting Yourself First,


36. Ease Your Way Through Career Change,


37. More Tools To Ease Your Way Through Career Change,


38. Six Steps To A Smooth Re-Entry,


39. Three Sources of Support For Success Minded People,


40. Ten Seconds of Boldness, Twice A Day,


41. Listen To The Messages,


42. The Importance of A Smile,


43. How To Overcome a Perfectionism and Procrastination,


44. Two Ways To Shift Your Energy,


45. The Magic of Spontaneous Combustion,


46. What Your Mirror Refection Is Telling You,


47. A Secret To Success and Happiness,


48. Ten Empowering Messages To Tell Yourself Daily,


49. How To Recognize Success In “Failure”,


50. Words To Inspire… A Graduation Message,

Cyber Security For Business

Need for Security

The Security investigation underlines the organization’s responsibility to develop and maintain a successful information security program that is to be executed in all levels of management  An Organization must understand that securing an asset is a continuous process rather than an event.

Two Types of Needs

There are two types of needs in securing an asset :

• Business Need,
• Technology Need.

Any organization will have confusion in deciding which of the above need should be compromised.  Business needs should always be given higher priority.  Compromising business needs for the sake of security may hinder the development of the organization. 

Business Need

The need for securing the information asset of an organization are listed below : 

• Protects the organization’s ability to function,


• Enables the safe operation of applications implemented on the organization’s IT Systems.


• Protects the data the organization collects and users.


• Safeguards the technology assets in use at the organization.
  
  
  

Protecting Data

• The most valu8able and non recoverable asset in an organization is data.


• It is the most valuable asset and the most difficult one to secure.


• Organization must ensure proper security to both data in motion and data in rest.


• Without data, an organization loses its record of transactions and / or its ability to deliver value to its customers.


• An effective information security program is essential to the protection of the integrity and value of the organization’s data.


• Loss of confidential data may lead to great disasters which would pave way to framing of new security policy from the scratch.


• Developing a new security policy after data loss would consume more resources.

Safeguarding Technology Assets

• Technology assets are costly and its installation is also very expensive.


• Organizations must have security infrastructure services based on the size and scope of the enterprise and the technologies they use.


• Additional security services may have to be provided if needed.


• More robust solutions may be needed to replace the out dated security programs.


• PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) is one among the
  security measure that safeguards the data.

Mount Etna Tourism Places

About Dolomites Tourist Place  

The Dolomites, a mountain group in the North Italian Alps, close to the Austrain border are famous for their magnificent sunrises and sunsets. The mountains get their name from the Dolomite rock of magnesium limestone. The highest peak is Marmoladaand rises to 10958 feet and seventeen more peaks rise to 9842 feet or more. 

It has two valleys, 'Val Garden' and 'Val Badia'. About 16,000 ladini live in it. They are the descendants of the Roman soldiers who settled down there after the wars. 

The valley of 'Cortina d'Ampezzo', or the sunny valley is surrounded by five towering Dolomite peaks.
Each of these is unique and beautiful. 'Sorapis' is tongue like with its subsidiary ridges, 'Cristallis' is cathedral shaped, 'Clinque Torri' like a tower with battlements, 'Pelmo and Civetta' like soldiers standing to attention. 

In the setting sun they glow red, mauve and purple against the darkening sky. 

Matterhorn Tourist Place

At 14770 feet, Mt. Matterhorn is not the tallest peak of Europe, but is the most impressive. It inspired many painters, poets and writers with its majesty.  It is half in Italy and half in Switzerland in the Peninine Alps. The mountain tapers like a rough amethyst as if carved out of quartz by some gigantic axe. From the Italian side, with its imposing terraced walls, it is a considerably great challenge. From the Swiss side it tooks like an isolated peak but it is actually the butt end of a ridge and easier for climbing. 

John Ruskin, the famous writer lavishly describes it as "An alpine tower hewn by the axe of God". He
"paid tribute and further said" in those firm grey bastions of the cervin, which he said was thrust up into the great wall of firmament above all inviolable.

Mount Etna Tourist Place 

Mt Etna looms over the eastern part of the Island of Sicily and is visible for great distances in every direction. It is an active volcano and its unpredictable nature has caused men both to fear it and admire it. 

The Greek regarded Mt. Etna as a forge of their fire God, Hephaistos. Today it stands at a height of 12598 feet, but this keeps increasing beacuse of the deposits after an eruption and decreases because of wind and rain. 135 eruptions have been recorded so far. A continuous stream of smoke and a red glow in the sky a top the mountain, remind people that it is alive and only resting.

A road 86 miles long encircles the volcano. Mini buses take the tourists right upto the crater. the view into the crater is awesone and scary with red hot lava shooting out, loud rumblings, rocks around cracking. It covers 500 square miles and is one of the most impressive natural wonder of the world.

Kilimanjaro Tourism Places

About Mt Everest Tourist Place

At 29,028 feet Mt. Everest is the world's highest peak. It stands between Nepal and India.  In Nepalese it called 'Sagarmatha' and 'Chomo lungma' in Tibetan which means 'The Goddess of the wind'. It is named after Sir George Everest. Surveyor General of India
from 1830-43. 

According to the geologists about fifty million years ago, the collision of the vast tectonic plates beneath the earths crust, pushed up the Himalayas. The Himalayas are covered with snow and ice, forming glaciers. These are the sources of the mighty rivers like River Indus, River Brahmaputra and River Sutlej. 

On 29 May 1953, sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay became the first men to stand on top of the worlds highest mountain also called as, "The roof of the world". Mt. Everest remains a challenge to mountaineers all over the world. 

Mountain Fuji Tourist Place 

Japan's Mt. Fuji is a volcanic mountain of breath taking beauty. Though it is a very high mountain (12388ft). It is impressive because of its proportions. the base is three times as wide as it is high, so the mountain appears to rise gradually. Three fourths of the mountain remains capped in snow for 8-9 months. At the foot of Mt. Fuji is the Lake Hakone or the lake of the reeds. The peak is reflected upside of the reeds. The peak is reflected upside down, forming the famous, "double Fuji". 

Fuji is a dormant volcano. It is sacred to the Japanese and worshipped. A primeval forest called, 'the sea of trees' has grown on the lava flow of its last eruptions in 1707 and 1717. 

Mt Kilimanjaro Tourist Place 

Mt. Kilimanjaro is Africa's highest mountain, in northern Tanzania touching the border of Kenya. It stands majestically tall at 19340 feet. It is a volcanic massif and stretches east to west - for 50 miles. It includes three main volcanoes, now extinct. The youngest and tallest Kibo is joined by a seven mile joint (or saddle) to Mawenzi. The third volcano Shira is a ridge shaped remnant of an earlier crater. 

Kibo is a snow capped mountain and has a vast (1 mile across) crater which is 984 feet deep. On the rim of the crater is the 'Uhuru point' or 'Summit of all Africa'. The crater has an ash cone showing signs of residual volcanic activity. Mawenzi is jagged and eroded.  

The slopes of Kilimanjaro are fertile and farmed by the chagga people.

Rocky Mountain Tourism Place

About Rocky Mountain Tourist Place

The Rocky mountains North Americas highest range, popularly called the 'Rockies' stretch for 3200 miles down the Western side of the continent from Alaska to New Mexico.  They are also a part of the Mountian ranges and high plateaux, that form the great highland barrier shown as the 'North American Cordillera'. 

Thousands of visitors visit the rockies to see the breathtaking beauty they offer.  

For convenience the rockes are divided into four main sections from North to South. In the far north are the Arctic Rockes in the Northern Alaska and north Western Canada. Here the highest peak is the Mount Sir James MacBrien (9040 feet). 

The Northern, Rockies continue into Idaho and Montana. This region has great natural beauty and is filled with dazzling icefields, pluning valleys and sparkling lakes. 

To the south are the Grand Tetons, a majestic block of mountains. The highest is Gannet Peak a 13785 foot mountain. 

The southern rockes, which extend from Southern Wyoming into Utah and through Colarado into New Mexico contain the Highest peaks in the rocky mountains system highest is Mount Elbert 14331 feet high. 

The Rockes have rich wealth of forest and wildlife. Mining is a major industry beacuse of the large quantities of copper, iron, gold, silver lead zinc, coal, oil, petroleum and uranium deposits in various places. Tourism is also eer increasing here. 

Famous Barrier Reef Tourism Places

Ayers Rock Tourist Place

Ayer's Rock is the largest monolith in the world and is an over whelming sight from near. It changes
colour with the sun's movement and appears red at times, brown or even black. From far it looks purple. 

This extraordinary natural wonder lies in the south West of Australia's Northern Territory. It is roughly oval in shape and is about two miles long and one mile wide and 2851 feet high above sea level. 

Ayers rock is made of hard Felspar sandstone called 'arhore'. At the bottom of the rock are caves decorated with aboriginal paintings and carvings made by an aboriginal people called "Uluhru" Ayer's Rock is now a national park of Australia. 

Barrier Reef Tourist Place

The Great barrier reef is an organic, living self renewing entity - the work of countless millions of coral polyps. The reefs are formed from the skeletal remains of generation after generation of polyps as they continually build towards the surface of the water. 

The Great barrier reef has been famous as a natural wonder since a long time. It stretches for more than 1243 miles along the eastern coast of Australia, from the Torres strait at the continent's northern tip to just South of the Tropic of Capricorn. It reaches into the sea for upto 200 miles like a shelf and then plummets into the depts of the Pacific Ocean.  It is separated from the mainland by a long lagoon channel. 

The constantly growing coral reefs, provide an environment for rich and diverse marine life : Anemones, sponges, starfish, crabs, worms, sea urchins, shrimps, mussles, oysters, clams and multitude of fishes of all shapes and colours. The ecological network is so complex that marine biologists continue to wonder and admire it. 

Easter Island Statues Tourist Place

The mysterious stone statues of the Easter Island are a puzzle to today's archaeology. 

Easter island is a small volcanic island in the East Pacific Ocean, West of Chile and East of equally less known Pit cairn Island. It is Just a 45 square mile area, named after the day it was discovered by a Dutch Admiral in 1722. There are only about 1000 Eastern Islanders whose descent is not known and is a mystery. 

There are more than six hundred stone statues ranging from life size to giant size scattered around on the island. A few are erect and stand on a stone platform called 'Ahu'. These great Ahu figures have no parallel anywhere else in the world. 

Tradition holds, that once there were two different groups living on the Island, Polynesian or short ears and non polynesian or long ears. Most statues have long ears and hence it is said that the long ears built the statues and were later over thrown by the short earns or polynesians. 

Waitomo Cave Tourism Places

Stonehenge Tourist Place 

Stonehenge is Britain's most famous and impressive prehistoric site. It is a massive circle of stones, on
the Salisbury plains in Wiltshire. 

There are several myths attached to it. One story says that the wizard Merlin transported it from Ireland to England. Another says that is a druid temple where human sacrifice was offered. 

Archeologically, stonehenge was built in the late Neolithic and early Bronze age periods. The earliest
construction was an outer circle 322 feet in diameter, surrounded by a ditch. Just inside the bank 56 pits were dug up, but holes. In the northeast a gap forms the entrance. A large flat stone is known as the slaughter stone or sacrificial altar. Along the pathway called the 'Avenue' is another large stone called heel stone. In about 2400 BC, the Beaker folk or the early Bronze age people added two circles of blue stones in the centre of the site. 

Later in about 2100 BC the bluestones were replaced by the massive sarcen sand stone blocks. Some of these stones were more than 30 feet long and weighed 49 tons. These were placed in a perfect circle, of 30 uprights capped with horizontal or lintel pieces. The lintels are dove tailed into each other and held in position by mortice and tenon joints. The blue stones were again added just around the altar stone. 

It is likely that it was a place of Sun worship but it might have also functioned as an observatory, proving that the bronze age people had advanced knowledge of geometry and astronomy. 

Waitomo Caves Tourism Place 

Waitomo caves, is a national reserve in New Zealand lying 120 miles south of Auckland in the North Island. 

The remarkable feature of these limestone cave systems that makes them a natural wonder is the famous "Glow Worm Grotto". 

In the Maori language 'Waitomo' means 'Water in going' because of the underground river. 

Today, visitors enter through a small door in the hillside, about 59 feet above the water. There are many
caves, galleries with shining stalactite and stalagmite formations. The path slopes down to a sub terranean lake. Visitors go in, by boat silently and in darkness. Countless points of green blue light appear on the cave roof. The cave is transformed into a planetarium with countless start twinkling. Hanging down from the roof, on Cobweb like filaments are the Waitomo's glow worms that shine like stars. 

New Mexico Caverns Tourism Places

Fingals Cave Tourist Place 

Fingal's cave is a basalt sea cave on the Hebridean islet of Staffa off the west coast of Scotland. It is a perfect example of natural architecture. It looks like the architecture of a greek temple but it is totally natural. 

The basalt cliff that plunges vertically down to the sea has been shaped into many black and brown columns, receding into a large cavern on the side of the cliff. Each column is outlined by 'Yellow Stalagmite matter'. The columns are topped by sponge basalt mass and then with a layer of springy turf. 

Fingal or Fium or Fuihi was said to be a legendary hero about whom the Gaelic bard Ossian wrote in his poems.  Mendelssohn's composed his famous musical 'Fingal's cave' inspired by this. 

Fingal's cave attracted many tourists and is considered a cave cathedral. Robert Peel called it a, "Temple not made with hands". 

Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico Tourist Place

A strikingly beautiful example of nature's architecture are the 'Carlsbad Caverns'. They are located in New Mexico. 28 miles from the town of Carlsbad. 

Beneath 73 square miles of hilly, desert country, covered with cacti, a network of beautifully formed caves exist. More than 200 years ago the entire Carlsbad area was covered by sea water. Here coral polyps built massive lime stone reef.   The sea dried up or withdrew from that area, and it was buried under metres of sand and sediment. A few millions of years after that, mountains thrust upwards due to geological activity Ground water containing carbon-di-oxide seeped into the lime stone reefs and created hollows. These hollows gradually became larger and larger. The seepage of the surface water carried the dissolved limestone on to the walls of the caves, which solidifed into many variously shaped limestone formations, stalactites hanging from the ceiling stalagmites rising from the floor, limestone domes and pillars in many shapes. 

At the entrance there is an 89 feet wide and 39 feet high natural arch. Thins leads into a corridor at a depth of 828 feet. There are many caves, notable of which are the king's chamber with sparkling onyx Queen's chamber with its elephant ear formations, papoose room, big room, massive subterranean cathedral, all with their own constantly changing patterns of stalactite and stalagmite formations are breathtaking beautiful. 

The Petrified Forest Tourist Place 

The Petrified Forest, Arizona, USA does not look like a forest because there are no green trees or bushes. This is the place where there was a great forest millions of years back. Originally a dense forest stood around a swampy basin. Due to natural reasons like storms and earthquakes these trees were uprooted and fell into the basin. Here they were covered by thousands of meters of mud, sand and ash from volcanic activity. 

The tissues of the plants got petrified i.e. the minerals from sand and ash like silica, potassium etc. got
into the stems and roots and they got preserved for ever. The minerals got into every cell of the plant and the details and designs of the plant tissues were permanently preserved in mineral form. 

The size of these petrified plants ranges from trunks of huge proportions to small ones, in every colour possible.  They all shine in the sun along with precious stones like quartz, agate, opal etc. 

At the northern end of the petrified forest is another of nature's wonders "The painted desert". This has all the colours, patterns and layers of standstone, shale and clay. The colours and shapes change with the sun. It is most beautiful in the early mornings and late eventings. 

It is because their strange, yet breathtaking beauty, "The Petrified Forest" and 'Painted desert' are counted among the Natural wonders.

Light House of Pharos Tourism Places

The Light House of Pharos in Alexandria World Wonder Tourist Place 

King Ptolemy II of Egypt built a very high light house in 280 BC on the island of Pharos in Alexandria.
It stood 440 feet (130 m) high.  

This light house was considered a technological triumph and an archetype for all modern lighthouses. King Ptolemy II commissioned, Sostratus of Cnidus to build the light house. It was built in three states, all sloping slightly inward. The lowest was a square, the next octagonal and the top cylindrical. A broad spiral ramp led to the beacon at the top, where a fire burned at night. The lighthouse was surmounted on the top by a huge statue of the Sun God Helios representing either Alexander the Great or Ptolemy I soter. The beacon was visible to ships more than 25 miles (45 km) out in the Mediterranean. 

Legend also holds that on the of the lighthouse a huge mirror was fitted. In the mirror, it was possible to see what was happening in Constantinople, which was right across the Eastern Mediterranean. It is also said that the mirror was used to focus the sun rays on enemy ships and burn them up. 

The lighthouse of Pharos continued to light ships to Alexandria for nearly 900 years. The arabs captured the city and dismantled the light house, in search of treasures believed to be buried under it. In 1477 the Mamluk Sultan Qait Bay built a fort from the ruins. 

The ruins of the light house, some great white marble stones still lie in the harbour.  

Goddess Artemis Diana Temple World Wonder Tourist Place 

The most important of the twelve lonian cities of Asia Minor, near the Aegeon Coast (in Modern Turkey) was the ancient greek city of Ephesus.  Ephesus was a centre of worship of the goddess Artemis or Diana, daughter of Zeus. Artemis was the goddess of chastity and hunters. At Ephesus, she was worshipped as the goddess of fertility. ( Her statue was believed to have fallen from heaven). It was built in 350 BC and finished by th end of that century. The roof was supported by great stone columns 60 feet high and inside were some of the finest works of Greek artists, including the sculptors Pheidias and Praxiteles. It was built by Croesus, King of Lydia it was burnt down by a madman Herostratus. 

The rebuilding was carried out by the joint efforts of all the Ionian cities of the Asia Minor. Ladies sold their jewellery and paid for the rebuilding.  The new temple was completed in 323 BC. It was 341 feet (104 metres) by 164 feet (50 metres), and had 127 marble columns more than 60 feet (18 metres high).

The temple of Artemis

had many great admirers. One writer put it at the top of the list of the world's wonders: "I have seen the hanging gardens of old Babylon, the statue of Olympian Jove (Zeus), the Colossus of Rhodes, the great labour of the lofty pyramids, and the ancient tombs of Mausolus, but when I beheld the temple
at Ephesus, towering to the clouds, all these other marvels were eclipsed". 

Another writer wrote, "The temple surpasses every structure raised by human hands".  

Alexander the Great, the temple's greatest admirer offered to pay for the entire cost of rebuilding the temple. The Ephesians refused, saying that it was not right for one God to pay for another God. The painting of Alexander on his horse was commissioned from the artist Apelles and hung in the temple. Legend holds that Alexander was not happy with the painting but was satisfied when his horse neighed at the painting, obviously recognising the rider. 

The great admirers of Artemis, from many countries, gave rich treasures as offerings to the temple. The temple  became so rich that it was called, "a common treasury for all Asia".  

This magnificent temple was ran sacked and destroyed by the goths in 262 AD. The site of the temple was buried by the changing course of a river. All that is left are a few fragments of its
columns in the British Museum.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon Tour Places

Hanging Gardens of Babylon Tourist Place 

Over four thousand years ago Babylon was already the capital of one of the world's first great empires - "old Babylonia". Babylonia was the largest city in the world covering 10,000 hectares. River Euphrates flower through it. (Now its course has shifted). In 626 B.C Chaldean ruler Nabopolassar made himself king of Babylon. He built mighty walls around the city of Babylon. These walls were called "The Walls of Babylon" and is said to have been 335 feet in height. Some consider this the second wonder of the world.  

After Nabopolassar, his son Nebuchandnezzar II (605-561 B.C) became king of Babylon. During his reign, Babylon exceeded its old glory.  He continued the great work of his father and added fortresses and strong points along the walls. A great bridge was built across the River Euphrates, and also a beautiful, fortified royal palace, towering over the rest of the city.  

The hanging gardens of Babylon are not really hanging, but were roof gardens. They were laid out on a series of rising terraces, irrigated by pumps. (probably Archimedian scresws worked by slaves) from the River Euphrates. The series of terraces were built in the form
of a pyramid, and every Lerrace was planted with trees and flowers from all parts of the world. These plants hid the framework of the building and appeared to be hanging in the air without any support, and were called, "The Hanging Gardens". 

According to the legend, Nebuehad-nezzar married many princesses of the surrounding kingdoms. One of his wives was Semiramis, the princess of the Medes. The Median army had helped Nebuchadnezzar defeat the Assyrians. 

Queen Semiramis, missed the hills of her Persian homeland. Nebuchadnezzar built the
hanging gardens to please his queen.  

The Hanging Gardens rose to a height of about 328 feet (100 metres) and were surrounded by a reinforcing wall 23 feet (seven metres) thick. Wide marble staircases connected the terraces, which were supported by rows of arches. The flower beds were made of stone e lined with lead, and then filled with soil. 

On the top terrace a series of cisterns fed the fountains, waterfalls and streams which kept the gardens watered.  

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were undoubtedly a marvel and wonder of architecture and hydraulic engineering. 

Sadly, 22 years after Nebuchandnezzar's death the new Babylonian empire fell to the Persian emperor. Cyrus the Great. Today all that is left of them is the remains of a wall and one or two arches. 

Chephren Pyramids of Egypt Tourist Place 

Cheop's Pyramid is surrounded by rows of low, flat tombs called 'mastabas' and three small pyramids in which his family and high officials were buried. By the South wall is an underground chamber, discovered in 1954. Which contained Cheops funeral ship untouched since being placed there 4600 years before.  

The Pyramid of Chephren, the second great pyramid, lies to the South-West of the great Pyramid and is only slightly smaller 460 feet (140 metres) high and 709 feet (216 metres) square, with a slightly steeper angle of elevation. Unlike Cheops Pyramid, which has the top lime stone facing completely stripped off, the Pyramid of Chephren has its limestone facing intact. 

The third and the smallest Giza Pyramid, lies South West of the Pyramid of Chephren. It is
the Pyramid of Mycerinus. It is 354 feet square (108 metres) and 230 feet (70 metres) high, and needed less than 1/10th of the limestone used for each of the other pyramids. It was faced both in pink granite and limestone. 

Apart from its pyramids, "The Sphinx" is the most famous feature of Giza. It is carved out of Rock in the form of a lion with a human head. It was a portrait of Chephren. It was also considered to be representing the Sun God and was worhipped. 

The Sphinx is 66 feet (20 metres) high and 240 feet (73 metres) long. It guards the way to
the Pyramid of Chephren.  

The evolution of the Pyramids, is related to the Egyptian Sun worship. For them a Pyramidal shapped stone represented the Sun God and was called "ben ben". 

Its slanting sides represented the sun's rays and was regarded as the stairway for the dead
king to reach heaven. The Egyptians believed that the soul of the deceased takes time to reach the heavenly destination after death and they did their best to help their pharoahs, even after life. They treated and worshipped their kings life Gods. 

In the burial chamber along with the mummyfield dead body in its sarcophagus, great treasures of Gold and Silver were kept along with large supplies of food and clothing. sometimes even the personal servants were also buried along with the Pharoah so
that they can serve him in the after life also.  

The walls of the burial chambers were elaborately decorated with paintings and pyramid texts in hierographics. They consisted of collection of Egyptian mortuary prayers, hymns and spells intended to protect a dead King or Queen and ensure life and sustenance in the life after death and even some magical spells. 

Egyptians had many Gods in human, animal and material forms representing the powers of nature and abstrat ideas. These Gods were also pained on the walls of the burial chambers. 

Also, "The book of the dead" was placed beside the dead body. It contained spells written on papyrus. These texts constitute the oldest surviving body of religious and funeral writing available to modern scholars. 

The famous pyramids of Giza still stand as a monument to the great civilization of the Egyptian Pharoahs many enturies ago.